Introduction写作主要围绕问题、材料、方法、主题展开。你关心的问题是什么？你用什么材料来解答你的问题？用什么方法来分析材料？用几句话简洁明了的概括出来，就是主题。主题是一篇论文里含金量最高的部分，应该在开篇点明。虽然寥寥几句，但是所有的创意所有的思想所有的精华都应该凝聚在此。譬如申请grant也是如此，如果不说清楚自己研究的价值，或者远兜远转地从入话、楔子开始，哪有人来看你的申请。下面我们将重点介绍一下英文论文introduction写作方法！
学术论文中的引言(Introduction)是对全文内容和结构的总体勾画。引言尽管不像摘要那样有一定的篇幅限制和相对固定的格式，但在内容和结构模式上也有需要遵循的规律。
第一层：
Introducing the general research area including its background,importance,and present level of development……………………………………………………………
Reviewing previous research in this area……………………………………………………………………
第二层：
Indicating the problem that has not been solved by previous research,raising a relevant question……………………………
第三层：
Specifying the purpose of your research…………………………
第四层：
Announcing your major findings………………………………
Outlining the contents of your paper………………………
Read the following paragraph and summarize the main elements included in the first Level of an Introduction
Forecast of the tracks of hurricanes(飓风)have improved steadily over the past three decades,owing to a combination of better observations and much improved numerical models.These improvements,along with advances in warning systems and preparedness for emergencies,have brought about a significant decline in loss of life.
引言开头(即第一层)最主要目的是告诉读者论文所涉及的研究领域及其意义是什么，研究要解决什么问题，目前状况或水平如何。也就是说，开头要回答如下问题：
What is the subject of the research?
How is the research going at present?
句型3:Recently,there has been growing interest in/concern about+研究主题
In the 1990s there has been growing interest in the development of electric vehicles in response to the public demand for cleaner air.
句型4:Recently there have/has been extensive/increasing/numerous publications/literature/reporting on+研究领域
There have been numerous publications over the last ten years on the need for nursing education to keep pace with the increase in knowledge of biological science.
句型5:Researchers have become increasingly interested in+研究领域
或:Researchers have recently focused their attention on+研究领域
Researchers have become more interested in environmental indicators.
Researchers are paying more attention to high pressure injection(高压喷射).
文献出处的标注
模式1：作者(年代)十谓语动词主动语态+研究内容／成果
例:P40 the second paragraph
Also,Fay(1991)found cooperative group projects integrated into science class to be successful experiences for students.
模式3：It has been十谓语动词被动语态+by作者(年代)+that从句
或：It has been+谓语动词被动语态+that从句(作者年代)
研究内容／成果+谓语动词被动语态+by作者(年代)
It was found by Czemiak(1996)that success at this Science Day was linked to parental support.
或:It was found that success at this Science Day was linked to parental support(Czemiak 1996).
如何写研究动机与目的
在介绍了他人在某领域的工作和成果之后，下一步便介绍作者自己的研究动机、目的与内容。介绍研究动机可以从两个角度人手，一是指出前人尚未解决的问题或知识的空白，二是说明解决这一问题，或填补知识空白的重要意义。
句型1：用表示否定意义的词例little，few，no或none of+名词作主语。如：
例
a．Little information／attention／work／research…
b．Few studies／investigations／researchers／attempts…
C．No studies／data／calculations…
d．None of these studies／findings／calculations…
句型2:里表示对照的句型。如:
a.The research has tended to focus on…,rather than on…
b.These studies have emphasized…,as opposed to…
c.Although considerable research has been devoted to…,rather less attention has been paid to…
例：Although there is much hope that three-dimensional coupled models will lead to better understanding of the factors that control hurricane intensity and to increased reliability of hurricane intensity forecasts,the present generation of models may not have enough horizontal resolution to capture the full intensity of extreme storms.
句型3：提出问题或假设。如：
a.However,it remains unclear whether…
b.It would thus be of interest to learn how…
c.If these results could be confirmed,they would provide strong evidence for…
d.These findings suggest that this treatment might not be so effective when applied to…
e.It would seem,therefore,that further investigations are needed in order to…
如何写引言的结尾
研究目的完全可以作为引言的结尾。也可以简单介绍一下文章的结构及每一部分的主要内容，从而起到画龙点睛的作用，使读者了解文章的轮廓和脉络。
至于研究结果，在引言中完全可以不写。研究结果是结论部分最主要的组成部分。
Sections l describes…
Section2 analyses…
Section3 discusses…
Section 4 summarizes…