essay几乎是我们在任意课程上都会遇到的一种文体，文章是表达某种思想、声明、概念，并用句子连接起来的文字材料。文章需要遵循一定的逻辑模式，包括引言（起初声明），正文（文章支撑），和结论。当你需要写一篇文章时，你需要明确你的观点，不要即兴而发。而且，值得注意的是，我们的essay不能空洞，需要配合大量的“故事”才能更有吸引力。下面我们总结了一些常用的essay观点的引入类型和适用表述，对于essay观点的表达而言非常适用。
Ways of Presenting Ideas and Arguments
引入类型
Types of writing
适用表述
Ways you might present this in your essay
1
当作者对自己所陈述的内容非常肯定，坚定不移时
When the writer is very committed,even passionate,about the ideas he/she writes
X asserts that…
X strongly argues that…
X firmly believes that…
X is committed to the idea that…
2
当作者引述极为具体细致的论据来论证其观点时
When the writer presents detailed evidence in support of his/her ideas
The work of X shows that…
X concludes that…
X found that…
X discovered that…
X learned that…
3
当作者本身对其所引述或陈述的观点持谨慎保留的态度时
When the writer is quite cautious and restrained about the ideas he/she puts forward
Research by X indicates that…
X suggests that…
4
当作者仅凭个人经验表达观点时
When the writer puts forward ideas based on their personal experiences only
The work of X indicates that…
X believes that…
X feels that…
5
当作者引述在读者看来值得质疑的观点时
When the writer puts forward ideas you are rather suspicious or skeptical about
X claims that…
X believes that…
According to X…
6
当作者非常直率地陈述观点，并辅以相当显而易见且理由充分的论据支持时
When the writer appears to report something in a straight-forward way,backed up with apparently good reasons for the ideas presented
X states that…
X reports that…
X notes that…
X found that…
X observes that…
X concludes that…
As X points out,…
X has drawn attention to the fact that…
X argues that…