每次写assignment时,同学们重复次数最多的就是key word。不论是背景、观点、论证、总结,都不可避免地提到很多次。写多了之后,总感觉如果不照抄原题,都没法好好说话了。今天小编分享的内容,就是让你可以“好好说话”,避免重复同样的表达。
1.引言
一篇切题的好文章,一定会频繁出现题目的关键词。大篇幅的完全不提到任何话题相关表达,离完全跑题,也就不远了。
开头、总论点、分论点、论证、结尾,都必须紧密围绕话题词去描述。可是,关键词既然要重复如此多次,如果我们每次都完全照抄原题,词汇项的得分估计只能一般了。
得分一般的标准:uses a limited range of vocabulary,but this is minimally adequate for the task(词汇使用很有限,但是至少没有跑题)
如果要取得更高分的话,我们需要:uses an adequate range of vocabulary for the task(词汇使用丰富)。
而这个丰富性,除了本身具体论点、论据的表达丰富性之外,关键词的丰富性也异常重要。今天,我就以一个题目为例,尝试穷尽关键词的若干变化。
最后,再反向总结,为你提供足够的实操方法。
2.正文
题目:
Should governments finance art projects?
关键词:
governments/finance/art projects
▍关键词的替换
government:
1.authority
2.local councils
3.officer
4.administrator
5.central administration
6.policymakers
7.councillors
8.a state
finance:
1.give financial support
2.be funded by/be financed by
3.provide grant
4.the funding of
5.money for…come from
6.support for
7.pay
8.state budget to be spent on
9.assist
10.ensure a large amount of investment goes into
11.financial reserve of the government should be allocated to
12.governmental subsidization/investment
13.require help from the state
14.rely on governmental assistance
15.spend a large part of its budget on
16.enough money is spent on
17.need full funding
18.with some help from the government
19.control budget by giving maintenance only to
art projects:
1.artists
2.creative artists
3.artwork
4.works of art
5.the arts
6.art-related field
7.art industry
8.arts institutions
9.creative projects
▍关键词替换方法总结
●同近义词
这应该是最简单粗暴的方法了,妥妥地炫耀词汇量。
government→authority
finance→fund
●同根词
意思保证精准的另一个方法是,保留词根,变化一下词性,也相当于进行了表达的替换(虽然不够明显)。
government→governmental
art→artistic
finance→financial
这样做的另一个好处是,可以让变了词性的他们,和前后的其他意思合并,表达或许会更加精炼一些。
●前后加修饰(形容词、副词)
如果有些单词实在没办法替换,那么可以尝试在其前面或者后面加上一定的修饰限定,让表意更加精准的同时,也算是有所替换了。
artists→creative artists/art industry/arts institutions
government→local/central government
●主被动转化
我们原本是顺着写,政府来支持艺术,有的时候,可以逆向写,艺术需要政府支持,或者艺术依赖于政府的补助,或者政府花更多钱在其他方面,或者政府的钱应该给谁。
governments finance arts→artists require help from the state/rely on governmental assistance
●情景设定
把题目的关键信息,变成一种假定的场景,然后主句再接着说具体的优点或者缺点。
常用的从句是when/if/with/because/whether/how
When policymakers decide how to allocate budget,…
If governments need to make better budgetary allocation,…
●人↔物
如果关键词是人,我们就具象为人所拥有的东西,如果是一个物件,我们就写成创作它的人。
artist→art work/creative works of artists
●解释
题目可能都是比较直接的陈述,一两个词的简单表达。我们可以把这个词,当作一个需要去定义或者解释的词语,然后,尝试用别的方法,去把这个单词的意思,解释给一个没有背景知识的人。常常用到的是定语从句。
artists→people who are engaged in an activity related to creating art
▍再举一个例子
题目:
Multicultural societies bring more benefits than drawbacks for a country?
关键词:
Multicultural societies
●关键词替换:
·a mixture of different ethnic groups
·multi-culture
·people from different regions
·multiculturalism
·people of different cultural backgrounds live and work together
·experience several cultures staying and working at a common platform
·a multi-cultured group
·with people carrying so many cultures
·when several cultures come together
·mixed culture
·different cultures being together exchanging the knowledge and way of living
·societies which comprise people from different ethnic groups
·when people from different ethnic groups live together in a country
3.结语
大家如果在实操中,没有找到如此多的替换也不必太担心,毕竟一篇好文章,并不是要求我们每次都有替换,适当重复一点点,并没有关系。并且,在论证展开的时候,我们可以直接用代词来替换关键词,在举例的时候,我们会用到更多的例子中的具体表达。量化而言,我觉得,有3-5个替换,加上题目本身的表达,写一篇文章足矣。