有的同学还不知道如何改写，那分享的这篇文章可以告诉你在essay写作中如何进行paraphrase。对于知道如何进行paraphrase的同学，这篇文章也可以系统的带你了解具体有几种可以改写的方式，或者用别的方法会让你的essay看起来更流畅自然。
一、Paraphrasing with synonyms
同义词替换，就是用同义词替换原文的词汇。但是哪些词是可以被替换的呢的？？主要还是实意词（Content words),比如动词（verb)，形容词（Adjective)，副词（Adverb)这些有意义的词汇。举几个例子来看看吧；
1.Clovis(2008)argued that significant improvements were required.
Clovis(2008)stated that substantial progress was needed.
2.Students’responses to the questionnaire were collected quickly.
Students’answers to the survey were obtained rapidly.
二、Active Voice⇆Passive Voice(Verb)
从主动句变被动句，或者被动句变成主动句，主要是语法上的改变。这个改写方法对语法知识有一些要求。
1.Students take an IELTS test are examined in reading,listening,speaking and writing.
An IELTS test examines students’reading,listening,speaking and writing.
2.Six countries founded the European Economic Community when they signed the Treaties of Rome in 1957.
The European Economic Community was founded when the Treaties of Rome were signed by six countries in 1957.
三、Nominalization(Noun)
名词化其实是小编觉得最好用的改写方法，主要是名词化可以让你的改写或者论证更加（字）客（数）观（多）。这个方法通常是把动词短语（Verb Phrase)改成名词短语（Noun Phrase),动词(verb)改成noun+of+noun的形式，
1.It is often argued that the growth of the Internet has made it more difficult for universities to prevent plagiarism.
A common argument is that the growth of the Internet has made the prevention of plagiarism more difficult for universities.
2.Students frequently complain about their workload.
A frequent complaint of students concerns how much work they have to do.
四、Reversing positives and negatives
改变句子中的用词的正反面来表达一个同一个意思，其实是个非常有意思的事情，就是类似于在essay中用反义词或者双重否定去做文字游戏，但是对essay中的意思并没造成改变。
1.It is not unusual for many international students to experience culture shock when they first arrive in the UK.
It is relatively common for many international students to experience culture shock when they first arrive in the UK.
2.British law requires universities to make reasonable adjustments in order to accommodate disabled students.
British law does not require universities to make unreasonable adjustments in order to accommodate disabled students.
五、Reversing the order of information
一个句子中会有不一样的信息，通过改变信息的位置也是可以达到转述的目的，但是单独使用这个方法并不能达到转述的目的.比如I finished my undergraduate study at University of Leicester in 1996.
改写成In 1996,I finished my undergraduate study at University of Leicester.虽然信息位置改变了，但是语法结构和词汇并没有改变，还是会被判定为抄袭。但是如果改成这样，In 1996,I got my bachelor degree from University of Leicester.
1.Before a British Bill of Parliament becomes law,the Queen signs it.
After the Queen has signed it,a British Bill of Parliament becomes law.
总结
以上是单独列出来五种可以达到转述目的的的方法，但是有几点需要注意：
1.一定要尊重原文的原意，不要为了达到转述的目的或者为了自己方便而去造句,转述一定要回归原文再去看看，你的paraphrase是否跟原文的原意是一样的。
2.如果想很好的进行转述，一定要注意提高自己的语法和词汇，这样才能准确的表达出原作者的意思。关于词汇的问题，有时候记不住那么多同义词或者反义词，这个时候可以求助可以提供同义替换的英英字典（say no to有道and谷歌翻译），比如小编自己经常用的Dictionary.com/Longman Dictionary(all free)。
3.这五种方法建议混合使用，比如可以用同义替换+passive voice，这样才能降低被判定为抄袭的风险。记住，转述一定要尊重本文的原意。
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