本文汇集了欧美写手写论文常用的一些关系句式,对欧美写手写作论文过程中如何熟练的利用各种递进,转折,比较,并列等不同的句法关系作了详细的举例说明。
1)先后次序关系:at this time;first;second;at last;next;previously;simultaneously同时地;eventually;last but not least;to begin with;to start with;to end with;finally;seeing...由于,因为;since then;first of all;afterwards后来;following this;preceding先前的;originally最初的ultimate最终的,极限的,根本的
2)因果关系:because;because of this;being that(口语)既然,因为;another important factor/reason of...;since;as;for;in that...;owing to由于,通常负面;due to由于;for the reason that...;
in view of鉴于,考虑到result from归因于the reason seems to be obvious;there are about...;for this reason;as a result of this;therefore;...and so...;consequently所以,因此;as a result;thus这样,如此,因而;hence因此;so;so that...;in consequence结果,结果;as a consequence;accordingly因此,于是,相应地;inevitably不可避免地;under these
conditions thereupon因此于是upon迫近
3)转折关系:but;even so;however;though;even though;independent of;reckless of不顾;despite that;in spite of that;regardless of不顾;yet...;and yet;but unless.Nonetheless尽管如此
4)并列关系:and;also;too;as well as;either...,or...;both...and...
5)(补充)递进关系:furthermore此外,而且;moreover而且,此外;further进一步地,此外;In this way;still;not only...but also...;not...but...;in addition(to);additionally,much more interesting,more specifically更具体地说,next,besides;as far as...is concerned至于;moreover此外;in other words;
along this line of consideration;on(the)one hand...在一方面,on the other hand...;even;as a saying goes...;in order to do it...;meanwhile同时;at the same time;accordingly因此;In the first place...,in the second place...;equally important;of even greater appeal.
6)比较关系:similarly;in like manner,in comparison with;when compared with;compared with;when in fact...;like...;likewise同样地,也;similarly important;apart from(doing)...;...rather than...,by doing so;both…and...;in the same way;not only...but(also).
7)对照(不同点):yet;still;for all of that;notwithstanding虽然,尽管;rather当然,的确,宁愿,相当;neither...nor;although;though;but;however;something is just the other way around;yet;conversely相反的;unlike;opposed to;as opposed to this与不同;in contrast(to);by way of;on the contrary;different from this;nevertheless然而,不过,虽然如此;contrary to;whereas但是,鉴于;while;but on the other hand
8)举例关系:for example;for instance例如;in this case既然假若这样;namely也就是instance例子实例
换句话说;as you know;you may as/say;as he explains;like;such as;a case in point is一个恰当的例子是...;consider...;in particular尤其特别;including...;for one thing...首先,for another...;put it simply;stated roughly粗糙地,概略地;as an illustration,I will say...;a good example(of...)would be...;to detail this,I would like to...;It is interesting to note that...;in this situation;as proof;take the case of;take as example(something);as for;as regards;as to;according to;on this occasion.
9)强调关系:in fact;especially;particularly特别,尤其;moreover(此外);naturally;what is more important;in reality事实上;certainly;of course;indeed;in particular;not to mention...;believe it or not;undeniably(无可置疑);other thing being equal;it is certain/sure that...;to be strict;to be true;by definition;definitely明确地,肯定地;undoubtedly;without a doubt;in truth,in any event(不论怎样);without reservation(毫无保留地);obviously,not only..but(also...),both...and...
10)条件关系:if;unless;lest;provided that;if it is the case;in this sense;once...;if possible;if necessary;if so;if not all;if anything.
11)归纳总结类:in a word/in sum/in short
in brief/in conclusion/in summary
therefore因此,所以/hence因此,今后
to sum up/to conclude
the conclusion can be drawn that
for this reason/on the whole
12)地点关系:beyond;opposite to;adjacent邻近to;at the same place;there;over;in the middle;around;in front of;in the distance;farther;here and there;above;below;at the right;between;on this side.
13)目的关系:with this object无证;for this purpose;in order that;in this way,since;so that;on that account由于。。。缘故;in case万一;with a view to考虑到;for the same reason.
14)重申关系:in other words;that is to say;as I have said;again;once again.
15)结果关系:accordingly;thus;consequently(因此);hence;therefore;thereupon;inevitably;under these conditions;as a result;as a consequence;because;because of;so that;not only...but(also...);so...as to.
16)顺序关系:first;second;thirdly;next;then;at the outset(在开始时),following this;at this time;now;at this point;after;afterward后来;after this;subsequently后来;lastly最终;finally;consequently所以,因此;before this;previously;preceding this;simultaneously同时地;concurrently(同时发生的)
17)时间关系:at once;immediately;at length终于,最后;in the mean time同时;meanwhile;at the same time;in the end;then;soon;not long after;later;at once;at last;finally;some time ago;at present;all of a sudden突然;from this time on;from time to time;since then;when;whenever;next point;a few minutes later;formerly;as;once;since;occasionally偶然地;in a moment;shortly立刻;whereupon于是,因此;