本文是一篇指导论文写作的指导性文章，旨在总结多种在论文中常用到的词汇和语句，以及它们的用法。在本文当中，共介绍了17种如何用词和句子的方法，且给出详细的例子。
academic writing常用必备essay句型
很多写手在国外进行academic essay writing时候，不知道用什么合适的句型从事写作。特别是对国外学术论文写作不熟悉的学生，非常希望能够获得essay词句方面的指导。我们客服人员经常接到客户一些咨询一些诸如英语essay句型、essay常用句型、essay必备句型、英国论文句型等相关问题。对刚开始学术性essay写作来说，句型非常重要，特别是针对文章个部分及表达功能提供句型指导，有利于学生树立起写作信心。下面针对下列给出用词与造句方面的建议，可着重优化学术写作结构及写作风格。
1.论文introduction部分句型
•This essay will deal with the following aspects of the question...
•The aim of this essay is......
___________________________________
2．论文summary部分句型
•In order to link....with....,the background to...will be briefly outlined.
•The first part of the analysis will examine....
•The second part of this analysis will consider...
•The final level of the analysis consists of...
___________________________________
3．提出要点句型
•It is clear/noticeable that...
•It is necessary/important/useful/interesting/to note/point out/highlight/emphasise that
___________________________________
4.重点标记可清楚的标明你思考的重要内容，可避免充满主观色彩的语言如“I think”
形容词：main,crucial,important,significant,key,essential
名词：focus,element,concept,theory,aspect,part,idea,point,argument,discussion,debate
动词：to emphasise,to summarise,to focus,to highlight
例子：
•The key aspect of this argument is
•The most crucial point made so far
•It is worth noting that
•Another relevant point is that
___________________________________
5.引入新观点句型
•Turning now to the question of
•Bearing in mind the previous points,
•Having considered(X)•With regard to
•As far as.......is concerned
___________________________________
6.模糊限制语
11个情态动词可利于避免出现以偏概全等方面的问题，正如在表达可能性确定性的程度上，便可避免出现表达过于累赘的观点，或过多的有关主题的内容。
11个情态动词为：
CAN MAY COULD MIGHT WILL WOULD SHALL
目前在学术论文里用的最多的情态动词为CAN,MAY,COULD和MIGHT。在论述过程中，若对某个观点太过于肯定，也许心存疑虑，但在肯定的前面加上MAT或MIGHT便可避免此类问题。
•It could/might be said that....
•It seems/appears...
•It is generally thought/considered......
•Some/many people think/believe......
___________________________________
7.引用研究成果句型
•It has been found that
•Research has shown that
___________________________________
8.作假设句型
•If,then
•Assuming that
___________________________________
9.陈述条件句型
•Given that
•Provided that
•Granted that
•If it is the case that&then,
___________________________________
10.举例子句型
•For example/instance
•In this situation/case
•To illustrate
___________________________________
11.增添相关信息句型
•Again/besides/equally important/in addition/further/furthermore/moreover
•It must also be noted/remembered that
___________________________________
12.讨论句型
•On the one hand,on the other hand
•Although it may be true that....however
•Whilst it is generally agreed that
•There exists a contradiction between.....and
•Those in favour of/Supporters/Advocates of
•Those opposed to/Critics of
___________________________________________
13.转换过渡句型
•In other words
•To put it another way
•That is to say
___________________________________________
14.评价性语言
这是用于更加清楚的表明自己对不同观点的看法。曾用过这类词语吗?是否能在论文中运用更多的这类词语呢？
正面形容词:remarkable,innovative,complex,interesting,profound,comprehensive,powerful,rigorous,systematic,useful,sensitive,reliable,logical,
负面形容词:flawed,modest,unsatisfactory,inadequate,limited,restricted
名词:synthesis,survey,topic,study,review,history,concept,area,theme,overview,analysis,system
动词:explain,discuss,study,present,describe,bring into focus,consider,explore,illuminate,introduce,analyse,constitute
例子:
•The UNO has published an interesting survey...
•It presents a useful concept...
•However,the study is limited in that..
___________________________________
15.重复观点句型
一般而言最好不要重复。组织好论文写作以保证坚持一个论点。但论文需要，可用下列句子比如：
•To return to an earlier point
•As noted before/above
___________________________________________
16.总结句型
•Briefly,we can say/it can be said that
•To sum up
•Hence/therefore/accordingly/consequently
•The evidence suggests,therefore
•In general what this means/suggests/indicates is
•It is clear from the above that
___________________________________________
17.结尾句型
•To conclude/In conclusion,