写手在写essay的时候，经常要引用别人的观点。但很多人在写作时，不能很好地处理这些观点，导致文章主次不够分明，甚至产生歧义。“引用”是essay写作中最常用的修辞手法，可以为文章增加论据，也能够更深入的论述观点，但如果处理不当，也会使文章内容混乱、表达不明确。那我们在写essay是改如何处理这些观点呢？一般情况下，引用别人的观点有三种：同意（Agreeing）、不同意（Disagreeing）、结合两者（some combination of both，即不完全同意，也不完全反对）。下面我们就举例分析下这三种情况的观点该如何处理。
1、反对—要解释为什么
谈到批判性思维（Critical Thinking）的时候，大家都会想到“反对”，反对的确是体现批判性思维的方法，但是提出反对的同时，也要解释反对的理由。那怎么反对的？大家要首先了解下议论文的三要素（观点Claim、前提假设Assumption、和证据Evidence），大家可以去攻击对方观点的前提假设是有问题的，或者说证据是有问题的，或者可以去说对方的逻辑是有问题的。现在来介绍一些常见的模板：
X is mistaken because she overlooks recent fossil discoveries in the South.
X's claim that rests upon the questionable assumption that.
I disagree with X's view that,because,as recent research has shown,.
X contradicts herself/cannot have it both ways.On the one hand,she argues.On the other hand,she also says.
By focusing on,X overlooks the deeper problem of.
2、同意—但是要有所不同
同意的时候，要尽可能多的加入新的见解，而不是单纯炒冷饭。比如说，你可以找到一些新的证据或者新的论证方法来支持X的观点。如果X的观点非常难理解，你可以用自己的话解释一遍。一些常见的模板如下：
I agree that diversity in the student body is educationally valuable because my experience at Central University confirms it.
X is surely right about because,as she may not be aware,recent studies have shown that.
X's theory of is extremely useful because it sheds light on the difficult problem of.
Those unfamiliar with this school of thought may be interested to know that it basically boils down to.
当你同意一个观点的时候，不可避免会讲到反面的观点，这个时候，可以用如下的模板：
I agree that,a point that needs emphasizing since so many people still believe.
If group X is right that,as I think they are,then we need to reassess the popular assumption that.
3、同意和不同意相结合
这种回应的方式比较友好，读者可能更容易去接受。根据具体的情况，有两种回应方式，一种是：Yes,but（强调反对点）,另外一种是,no,but（强调同意点），模板如下：
Although I agree with X up to a point,I cannot accept his overriding assumption that religion is no longer a major force today.
Although I disagree with much that X says,I fully endorse his final conclusion that.
这里meeloun还为大家提供了其他的一些常见的模板以供大家在新学期essay写作中使用：
Though I concede that,I still insist that.
X is right that,but she seems on more dubious ground when she claims that.
While X is probably wrong when she claims that,she is right that.
Whereas X provides ample evidence that,Y and Z's research on and convinces me that instead.
上面的三种Respond方式，无论哪一种，都必须要非常清楚地告知读者你的立场。相信这三种respond方式大家在essay写作中肯定会用得到。