Report写作中，逗号被用来分隔分句和短语。由于国内传统英语写作教学中没有对标点进行系统的指导加上对Report格式知之甚少，导致很多同学在Report写作中使用标点时「随性而为」,「凭感觉」做判断，给教授留下「不严谨」、「不规范」的不良印象，岂不是辜负了自己苦心费力写出的Report？
本文小编就根据学生论文中经常出现的错误来聊聊“逗号”的一些使用规范。
▌逗号使用规范一
Report写作句子中包含数量≥3的单词，词组或者分句时，用逗号将其分隔开来。特别是在连接最后一个要素的并列词之前也加上逗号。
例如:
Demand for irrigation water is mainly influenced by climate change,the scale and patterns of crop planting,the use of water saving technologies and other such factors.
标点符号应改为:
Demand for irrigation water is mainly influenced by climate change,the scale and patterns of crop planting,the use of water saving technologies,and other such factors.
推荐表达为:
Demand of irrigation water is mainly influenced by climate change,the scale and patterns of crop planting,the use of water saving technologies,and other factors(and so on).
▌逗号使用规范二
句子中连续的词组或者分句最后是以表继续或者省略的词组结束时，例如「and so forth」「and so on」「and the like」这样的词组，需在其前面加上逗号。若这类词组后面还接有其它句子成分，则可酌情添加逗号来避免歧义。
例如:
Using such techniques,management can improve not only productivity but also hours,working conditions,training,benefits,and so on,without reducing wages.
▌逗号使用规范三
非限制定语短语出现在句子中需用逗号分隔。
例如：
The professor,wearing a blue hat,attended the conference.此处「wearing a blue hat」为非限制定语短语，用逗号分隔；
The lady wearing a blue hat is the professor.此处「wearing a blue hat」为限制性修饰，勿使用逗号。
▌逗号使用规范四
介绍性的词组，例如「for instance,for example,in other words，that is」出现在句首时，后面需加逗号；若出现在句中，则前后都使用逗号来进行分隔。
例如:
That is,researchers still have hunches and use exploratory methods.
Some methods,however,are particularly well suited to applying all three,for example,grounded theory as explained by……
▌逗号使用规范五
句子中出现的连接副词，或者副词词组，都需要用逗号分隔。
例如:
Nevertheless,it is a matter of great significance.
Recently a significant effort to model these systems has also examined,in particular,the role of this element in determining the behavior of……
▌逗号使用规范六
复合句中的并列词，类似「and,but,or,so,yet」等，连接两个独立句子并且这两个句子在含义上需要一个停顿的话，我们在这些并列词前面需加上逗号。但是如果并列词连接的是并列主语或者谓语则不用加逗号。
例如:
Therefore,exploring the factors that influence the irrigation water demand,and quantifying their contribution to that demand could provide insights on controlling the scale of agriculture.
应修改为:
Therefore,exploring the factors that influence the irrigation water demand and quantifying their contribution to that demand could provide insights on controlling the scale of agriculture.
此处「exploring the factors that influence the irrigation water demand」和「quantifying their contribution to that demand」为该句的并列主语，用and连接但是不加逗号。